Plant Pathology - Study Mode
[#371] Pinwheel inclusion bodies are
Correct Answer
(B) Potyvirus
Explanation
Solution: Pinwheel inclusion bodies are Potyvirus. A unique feature shared by all plant viruses of the Potyviridae family is the induction of characteristic pinwheel-shaped inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of infected cells. These cylindrical inclusions are composed of the viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion helicase (CI protein).
[#372] A sudden change from anaerobic to aerobic process produces
Correct Answer
(A) Pasteur effect
Explanation
Solution: A sudden change from anaerobic to an aerobic process produces Pasteur Effect. The Pasteur effect describes how available oxygen inhibits ethanol fermentation, driving yeast to switch toward aerobic respiration for increased generation of the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The effect was described by Louis Pasteur in 1857 in experiments showing that aeration of yeasted broth causes cell growth to increase while the fermentation rate decreases, based on lowered ethanol production.
[#373] The effective control of flag smut of wheat (Urocystis tritici) can be done by adopting of
Correct Answer
(D) All of these
Explanation
Solution: The effective control of flag smut of wheat (Urocystis tritici) can be done by adopting of Use of resistant varieties, Seed treatment, and Crop rotation. Strategies to prevent flag smut include the use of disease-resistant cultivars, chemical seed treatments, and crop rotation to reduce the amount of inocula present. The spores germinate in dry soils, and maintaining wetter soils helps to diminish their viability. Carboxin is a commonly used fungicide on seeds, which works well to prevent onset of disease. Application of systemic fungicides early in the growing season and at low doses is effective at controlling the disease.
[#374] Which of the following is not a component of the disease tetrahedron?
Correct Answer
(D) Control agent
Explanation
Solution: Control agent is not a component of the disease tetrahedron. A disease pyramid or tetrahedron, allows for the addition of a fourth causal factor of disease. Humans factor into the disease triangle because the influence of human activity on disease is pervasive in agriculture. The concept of a disease pyramid or tetrahedron is composed of four main components that are environment, pathogen, host and host microbiome. The control agent is not a component of this tetrahedron.
[#375] Loose smut of barley is/are
Correct Answer
(A) Internally seed borne
Explanation
Solution: Loose smut of barley is internally seed-borne. Loose smut of barley is caused by Ustilago nuda. It is a disease that can destroy a large proportion of a barley crop. Loose smut replaces grain heads with smut, or masses of spores that infect the open flowers of healthy plants and grow into the seed, without showing any symptoms. Loose smut of barley and wheat are internally seed-borne and carried as a small colony of fungus inside the seed embryo rather than as spores on the seed coat.