Computer Fundamental Miscellaneous - Study Mode

[#756] The operation of a digital computer is based on _____ principle.
Correct Answer

(A) counting

Explanation

Solution: A digital computer is a type of computing device that processes information using discrete values, most commonly binary digits (0 and 1) . The fundamental working principle of digital computers is based on the concept of counting , where operations are performed using a finite set of values. These values are handled using binary number systems and logic circuits that recognize distinct signal levels. Each signal represents either a 0 or 1, and the computer counts or processes these signals to perform operations. This is why we say digital computers operate on the counting principle . Now, let’s examine the incorrect options: Option B: measuring Measuring is associated with analog computers , not digital. Analog computers work on continuous signals and are used to measure physical quantities like voltage, temperature, and speed. Digital computers, on the other hand, use discrete values, so measuring is not the correct principle. Option C: electronic While digital computers are indeed electronic devices, this option refers to the technology used, not the principle of operation. Saying "electronic" is like describing the medium rather than the logic or function of the system. It doesn't explain how the computer operates logically or mathematically. Option D: logical Digital computers perform logical operations using logic gates, but these operations are built upon the binary counting system. While logic is a key component of computer functioning, it is not the core principle . Logic is a method or process, whereas counting is the foundational principle that allows those logical operations to occur. Option E: None of the above This is incorrect because Option A is valid. Therefore, choosing “None of the above” is not applicable. Final Conclusion: The operation of a digital computer is fundamentally based on the counting principle , as it processes data in discrete steps using binary values. While logic and electronics are involved in the functioning, the foundational concept is based on counting. Hence, the correct answer is counting .

[#757] Which of the following Indian companies designs and manufactures super- computers?
Correct Answer

(B) C-DAC

Explanation

Solution: Supercomputer PARAM 8000 (made by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)) was launched on 1 st July 1991 is considered India's first supercomputer. It was indigenously built in 1991 by C-DAC and was replicated and installed at ICAD Moscow in 1991 under Russian collaboration.

[#758] Which of the following memories needs refresh?
Correct Answer

(B) DRAM

Explanation

Solution: A DRAM cell is composed of an access transistor and a capacitor. Data is stored in the capacitor as electrical charge, but electrical charge leaks over time. Therefore, DRAM must be refreshed periodically to preserve the stored data.

[#759] Which of the following is not a sequence storage device?
Correct Answer

(A) Magnetic disk

Explanation

Solution: Magnetic disk is a sequential access device. It is a direct access secondary storage device. In case of direct access devices, the storage location may be selected and accessed at random.

[#760] The computers that we use are digital whereas we live in an analog world which means that we have to translate analog data into digital data. What is the name of the circuit which helps us in this conversion?
Correct Answer

(B) A/D converter

Explanation

Solution: Analog-to-digital conversion is an electronic process in which a continuously variable (analog) signal is changed, without altering its essential content, into a multi-level (digital) signal. The output of the ADC, in contrast, has defined levels or states.