Surveying

Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

The scale of a vertical photograph of focal length ‘f’ taken from height of ‘H’ metres above M.S.L., at a point of reduced level ‘h’, is

Perspective centre relates to

Circumpolar stars

The rise and fall method of levelling provides a complete check on

Invar tapes used for measuring base lines, is made of nickel-iron alloy containing nickel

In direct method of contouring, the process of locating or identifying points lying on a contour is called

If altitude bubble is provided both on index frame as well as on telescope of a theodolite, then the instrument is levelled with reference to i) altitude bubble on index frame ii) altitude bubble on index frame if it is to be used as a level iii) altitude bubble on telescope iv) altitude bubble on telescope if it is to be used as a level The correct answer is

In the cross-section method of indirect contouring, the spacing of cross-sections depends upon i) contour interval ii) scale of plan iii) characteristics of ground The correct answer is

Benchmark is established by

The normal longitudinal overlap is generally kept

The difference of parallax for a given difference in elevation is independent of

If the focal length of the object glass is 25 cm and the distance from object glass to the trunnion axis is 15 cm, the additive constant is

Latitude of a place is the angular distance from

If $$alpha $$, H, A and $$delta $$ be the altitude, hour angle, azimuth and declination of a circumpolar star at its elongation, in latitude $$lambda $$, the following relation holds good

The latitude (λ) of a place and the altitude (α) of the pole are related by

The foot of the perpendicular on the picture plane through the optical centre of the camera lens, is known as

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. High oblique photographs

Parallax bar measures

Triangulation surveys are carried out for providing

The point at which sun's declination changes from north to south, is known as

Contour interval is

If ‘f’ is the focal length of the camera lens and ‘θ’ is the angle of tilt, the distance of the plumb point from the principal point will be

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. In a spherical triangle

If the image of a triangulation station of R.L. 500 m is 4 cm from the principal point of a vertical photo taken from an altitude of 2000 m, above datum, the height displacement will be

The process of turning the telescope about the vertical axis in horizontal plane is known as

For mapping any country

In the prismatic compass

If a star whose declination is 60° N culminates at zenith, its altitude at the lower culmination, is

A star is said to elongate

If the intercept on a vertical staff is ob-served as 0.75 m from a tacheometer, the horizontal distance between tacheometer and staff station is

The latitude of a place was obtained by subtracting the zenith distance of a star from its declination, the observed star was between

The latitude of a place was obtained by subtracting the declination of a star from its zenith distance, the observed star was between

The flying height of the camera is 1,000 m above mean ground level, the distance of the top of a building from a nadir point is 10 cm and the relief displacement of building is 7.2 mm. The height of the building, is

The stereo plotting instruments are generally manufactured on the principle of

The true and mean suns occupy the same meridian at the same time on

If E is the spherical excess and R the radius of the earth, the surface area of the triangle, is

The station which is selected close to the main triangulation station, to avoid intervening obstruction, is not known as

In a spherical triangle ABC right angled at C, sin b equals to

The length of a chain is measured from

The nautical mile is the length of

If the equatorial distance between two meridians is 100 km, their distance at 60° latitude will be

The scale of the photography taken from a height of 300 m, with a camera of focal length 15 cm, is

In an internal focussing type of telescope, the lens provided is

Which of the following is not the function of levelling head ?

Local attraction in compass surveying may exist due to

A Nautical mile is

The want of correspondence in stereo-photographs

If two points differing by 1° of latitude and of the same longitude is 110 km apart on the earth, then two astronomical positions on the moon is about

With standard meridian as 82° 30' E the standard time at longitude 90° E is 8 h 30 m. The local mean time at the place will be

In a truly vertical photograph,

Polaris is usually observed for the determination of the latitude when it is

The parallax of a point on the photograph is due to

To have greatest coverage of the area, the type of photography used, is

Which of the following methods of theodolite traversing is suitable for locating the details which are far away from transit stations?

Horizontal distances obtained by thermometric observations

A star may culminate at zenith if its declination is

Height of instrument method of levelling is

The slotted template method

When a star is between the pole and the horizon, the relationship between latitude (λ), zenith distance (z) and declination δ, is

The length of a parallel of λ latitude between two meridians is equal to difference in longitudes multiplied by

The hour angle of the heavenly body for Greenwich meridian equals the hour angle of the body for any other meridian + longitude:

Which of the following is not used in measuring perpendicular offsets ?

The nearest star is so far away from the earth that the directions to it from two diametrically opposite points on the earth differs less than

Right ascension of a heavenly body is its equatorial angular distance measured

$$alpha $$ and $$x08eta $$ are the angles subtended by a point of elevation h at their air station with respective plumb points. Photo scale and focal length of the lens being ‘S’ and ‘f’ respectively. Parallax displacement of the point due to relief, is

The method of surveying by triangulation was first introduced by the Dutchman Snell in

The main object of the astronomer to obtain

Stellar astronomy deals with

The line of collimation method of reduction of levels, does not provide a check on

Transit rule of adjusting the consecutive coordinates of a traverse is used where

The moon rotates round the earth once in every

The height displacement on a vertical photograph

The chord of a curve less than peg interval, is known as

The angle between the axis of earth and the vertical at the station of observation is called

Pick up the correct statement from the following:

In observations of equal precision, the most probable values of the observed quantities are those that render the sum of the squares of the residual errors a minimum, is the fundamental principle of

Assuming human normal vision distance 25 cm, smallest measurable angle 20", and intraocular distance 6.5 cm, the smallest depth to be discerned is

If the distance between the projectors is altered by a movement along X-axis of one projector,

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:

The relief displacement of a building 72 m high on photograph is 7.2 mm and its top appears 10 cm away from principal point. The flying height of the camera, is

If the true bearing of a line AB is 269° 30′, then the azimuth of the line AB is

The orthogonal projection of the perspective centre on a tilted photograph, is called

The distance between the projection centre and the photograph, is called

With the rise of temperature, the sensitivity of a bubble tube

Direct method of contouring is

The correction applied to the measured base of length ‘L’ is

The shortest distance between two places measured along the surface of the earth, is

Longitude of a place is the angular distance between the meridian of the place and

If the altitudes of a star at its upper and lower transits are 60° 30' and 19° 30' respectively, the latitude of the place, is

The altitudes of a circumpolar star at culminations are 70° and 10°, both culminations being north of zenith. The latitude of the place, is

Triangulation surveys are carried out for locating

For plane ground the scale of a vertical photograph will be same as that of a tiled photograph along the photo parallel through

If the general ground level of any area is 10% of the flying height, the principal points may be used as the centers of radial directions for small scale mapping even in tilted photograph up to

Select the correct statement.

Select the incorrect statement.

If the R.L. of a B.M. is 100.00 m, the back- sight is 1.215 m and the foresight is 1.870 m, the R.L. of the forward station is

Dumpy level is most suitable when

The angle between the direction of star and the direction of earth's axis of rotation is called

For a well-conditioned triangle, no angle should be less than

The point where a vertical line through the optical centre of the camera lens intersects the ground, is known as

Homologous points are

Limiting gradient for locating the base line on evenly-sloping ground, is

According to Napier's Rules of circular parts for a right angled triangle, sine of middle part equals the product of

The value of geocentric parallax to be added to the observed altitude of sun is

While making astronomical observations, the observer is mainly concerned with

If v, t and $$frac{{ ext{f}}}{{ ext{H}}}$$ are the ground speed of the aircraft, the shutter speed of the camera and the scale of the photograph respectively, then the amount of image displacement

An aerial photograph may be assumed as

G.M.T. corresponding to given mean time, equals

Longitudes are measured from 0° to

If ‘δ’ is the declination of the star and ‘φ’ is the latitude of the observer then the hour angle of the star at elongation is given by

If ‘δ’ is the declination of the star and ‘φ’ is the latitude of the observer, then the azimuth of the star at elongation is given by

The altitude of a circumpolar star is maximum when it is

Rotation of the camera at exposure about its vertical axis, is known as

The angle between the observer's meridian and declination circle of a heavenly body, is known as

A metallic tape is made of

If S is the sum of three angles of a spherical triangle, the spherical excess equals

The suitable contour interval for a map with scale 1 : 10000 is

Which of the following methods of plane table surveying is used to locate the position of an inaccessible point ?

Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

The displacement of the pictured position of a point of h elevation on a vertical photograph taken with a camera of 30 cm focal length, from an altitude of 3000 m, is

Bowditch rule is applied to

The adjustment of horizontal cross hair is required particularly when the instrument is used for

For any star to be a circumpolar star, its

The sidereal day is the time interval between two successive upper transits of

If a tripod settles in the interval that elapses between taking a back sight reading and the following foresight reading, then the elevation of turning point will

The prismatic compass and surveyor’s compass

Sidereal day

In a tropical year, the numbers of sidereal days are

The point on the celestial sphere vertically below the observer's position, is called

The circle in which a plane tangent to the earth's surface at the point of observation, intersects the celestial sphere, is called

The type of surveying which requires least office work is

During chaining along a straight line, the . leader of the party has 4 arrows in his hand while the follower has 6. Distance of the follower from the starting point is

The difference of levels between two stations A and B is to be determined. For best results, the instrument station should be

Subtense bar is an instrument used for

Cross staff is an instrument used for

The instrument used for accurate centering in plane table survey is

The great circle along which the sun appears to trace on the celestial sphere with earth as centre during the year, is called

The methods used for locating the plane table stations are i) radiation ii) traversing iii) intersection iv) resection The correct answer is

The graduations in prismatic compass i) are inverted ii) are upright iii) run clockwise having 0° at south iv) run clockwise having 0° at north The correct answer is

The correction for sag is

The point on the photograph where bisector between the vertical line through optical centre of the camera lens and the plate perpendicular meets, is known as

The two point problem and three point problem are methods of

Which of the following angles can be set out with the help of French cross staff?

The permissible error in chaining for measurement with chain on rough or hilly ground is

The point where vertical line passing through the perspective centre intersects the plane of the photograph, is known as

The angle between the prolongation of the preceding line and the forward line of a traverse is called

To avoid large centering error with very short legs, observations are generally made

For which of the following permanent adjustments of theodolite, the spire test is used ?

The resection by two point problem as compared to three point problem

The angular distance of a heavenly body from the equator, measured along its meridian, is called

The station where observations are not made, but the angles at the station are used in triangulation series, is known as

The scale of a tilted photograph of focal length f taken from an altitude H, along the plate parallel through principal point is

The equation which is obtained by multiplying each equation by the coefficient of its unknowns and by adding the equations thus formed, is known as

The rise and fall method

A telescope is said to be inverted if its

Size of a theodolite is specified by

If the reduced bearing of a line AB is N 60° W and length is 100 m, then the latitude and departure respectively of the line AB will be

A lemniscate curve between the tangents will be transitional throughout if the polar deflection angle of its apex, is

A plate parallel is the line on the plane of the negative

At eastern elongation, the pole star moves

At upper culmination, the pole star moves

At western elongation, the pole star moves

At lower culmination, the pole star moves

Theodolite is an instrument used for

Systematic errors

In a spherical triangle ABC, right angled at C, sin b equals

On vertical photographs, height displacement is

The First Point of Aeries

The process of determining the locations of the instrument station by drawing re sectors from the locations of the known stations is called

If the lower clamp screw is tightened and upper clamp screw is loosened, the theodolite may be rotated

The position of a heavenly body on the celestial sphere can be completely specified by

Three point problem can be solved by

The zenith is the point on the celestial sphere

The allowable length of an offset depends upon the

The great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the earth, is called

The plane at right angle to the zenith-nadir line and passing through the centre of the earth, is called

To obtain photographs of an area of 1000 m average elevation, on scale 1 : 30,000, with a camera of 30 cm focal length, the flying height is

The difference of height of two points whose parallax difference is 0.8 mm on a pair of stereo pair taken from a height ‘H’ is 100 m. If mean photo base is 95.2 mm, the flying height is

The correction for parallax, is

The Polaris describes a small circle round the pole whose radius is approximately

Sensitiveness of a level tube is designated by

Agate cap is fitted with a

International Date Line is located along

There are two stations A and B. Which of the following statements is correct?

Homologous point is

Intersection method of detailed plotting is most suitable for

The maximum tolerance in a 20 m chain is

In the quadrantal bearing system, a whole circle bearing of 293° 30′ can be expressed as

The sensitivity of a bubble tube can be increased by

The altitudes of a circumpolar star at culminations are 70° and 10°, both culminations being north of zenith. The declination of the star, is

The maximum error in radial line assumption, is

The prime vertical passes through

The relation between the air base (B), photographic base (b), flying height (H) and the focal length (f) of a vertical photograph, is

The principal plane contains

Latitude of the observer's position is equal to altitude of

The parallax equation $$Delta { ext{p}} = frac{{{ ext{Bm}}Delta { ext{h}}}}{{{ ext{H}} - { ext{h}}}}$$ xa0 is applicable to entire overlap of the photographs only if parallax is measured

If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by

In the double application of principle of reversion, the apparent error is

The solar tidal force divided by lunar tidal force is

Closed contours, with higher value inwards, represent a

The average eye base is assumed as

Check lines (or proof lines) in Chain Surveying, are essentially required

A negative declination shows that the magnetic meridian is to the

The latitude of the observer's position, is

If the staff is not held vertical at a level¬ling station, the reduced level calculated from the observation would be

At the first point of Aeries, the sun moves

The cross hairs in the surveying telescope are placed

The most convenient co-ordinate system for specifying the relative positions of heavenly bodies on the celestial sphere, is

The smaller horizontal angle between the true meridian and a survey line, is known

If $$delta $$ is the declination of the Polaris and $$lambda $$ is the latitude of the place, the azimuth of the Polaris, is

The difference in longitude of two places expressed in time is equal to the difference in their

In field astronomy, the quantities observed are entirely

The net ground area of a vertical photograph 20 cm × 20 cm on scale 1 : 10,000 having overlaps 60% and 30%, is

Spring tides are caused when

Equation of time which is the difference between apparent solar time and mean solar time at any instant, vanishes during one year

The time interval between successive transits of the moon, is

If the horizontal distance between the staff point and the point of observation is d, then the error due to curvature of earth is proportional to

A star in northern sphere is said to transit

Normal tension is that pull which

After fixing the plane table to the tripod, the main operations which are needed at each plane table station are (i) Levelling (ii) Orientation (iii) Centering The correct sequence of these operations is

For accurate work, the steel band should always be used in preference to chain because the steel band

The position of the sun when its north declination is maximum is known as

The rate of change of parallax $$frac{{{ ext{dp}}}}{{{ ext{dh}}}}$$ with respect to change in h, may be expressed as

Polaris is usually observed for the determination of the azimuth when it is

If 16 flight lines are run perpendicular to an area 30 km wide, their spacings on a photographical map on scale 1 : 50,000 , will be

Which of the following methods of contouring is most suitable for a hilly terrain?

The size of a plane table is

The angle between the plane of the equator and the plane of the ecliptic, is known as obliquity of the ecliptic and its value is

For a tacheometer the additive and multi-plying constants are respectively

From the principal point the horizon point lies on the principal line at a distance of

If the magnetic bearing of the sun at a place at noon in southern hemisphere is 167°, the magnetic declination at that place is

Overturning of vehicles on a curve can be avoided by using

The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

The Polaris remains below horizon at

23 cm × 23 cm photographs are taken from a flying height with a camera of focal length of 3600 m and 15.23 cm respectively. A parallax difference of 0.01 mm represents

The declination and right ascension of the sun becomes 23° 27' N and 90° respectively on

The declination and right ascension of the sun becomes 23° 27' S and 270° respectively on

The following sights are taken on a “turning point”

The horizontal angle between the true meridian and magnetic meridian at a place is called

A ’level line’ is a

Accidental errors

Pick up the correct statement from the following. The difference between the longitudes of the places is obtained.

Refraction correction

The number of horizontal cross wires in a stadia diaphragm is

Different grades are joined together by a

If in a closed traverse, the sum of the north latitudes is more than the sum of the south latitudes and also the sum of west departures is more than the sum of the east departures, the bearing of the closing line is in the

In triangulation surveys

If $$ heta $$ and $$delta $$ be the latitude of a place and declination of a star respectively, the upper culmination of the star will be north of zenith if its zenith distance, is

If θ and δ be the latitude of an observer and declination of a heavenly body respectively, the upper culmination of the body will be south of zenith if its zenith distance, is

Which of the following methods of offsets involves less measurement on the ground?

The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that

Pick up the correct statement for horizontal photographs.

The longitudes of two places at latitude 60° N are 93° E and 97° W. Their departure is

The distance between the minor control point and the principal point should be equal to

The meridian of a place is

The coverage is least if photography is

Rotation of the camera at exposure about horizontal axis normal to the line of flight, is known as

The principal line is the line joining the principal point and

The product of the distances of plumb point and horizon point of a vertical photograph from its principal point, is

A series of closely spaced contour lines represents a

Places having same latitude

The sun's declination remains north between

The great circle which passes through the zenith, nadir and the poles, is known as

The following points form a pair of homologous points:

The necessary geometrical condition for triangulation adjustment is:

If α is the observed altitude, the refraction correction in seconds, is

The elevation of the star at elongation is obtained by

For adjusting a quadrilateral whose both the diagonals are observed, the equations of conditions involved, are

An imaginary line lying throughout the surface of ground and preserving a constant inclination to the horizontal is known as

The angle of intersection of the two plane mirrors of an optical square is

For a line AB

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. The angular distance of heavenly bodies on observer's meridian measured from the pole, is

Detailed plotting is generally done by

The station pointer is generally used in

Which of the following errors is not eliminated by the method of repetition of horizontal angle measurement ?

The negative sign is assigned to

The scale of a tilted photograph of focal length f, taken from an altitude H, along the plate parallel through plumb point, is

The altitude of a heavenly body is its angular distance, measured on the vertical circle passing through the body, above

‘H’ is the flying height above mean ground level and ‘f’ is the principal distance of a vertical photograph. The mean scale of the photographs is

Which of the following errors can be neutralised by setting the level midway between the two stations ?