Petroleum Refinery Engineering

Operating temperature and pressure in catalytic reforming is about

Pick out the wrong statement.

Carbon percentage (by weight) in crude petroleum may be about

Hydrogen percentage (by weight) in crude petroleum may be about

Products drawn from the top to bottom of the crude oil distillation column has progressively increasing

In catalytic cracking process, olefins crack __________ times faster than in thermal cracking process.

Ethyl mercaptan is a/an __________ compound.

Lane and Garton classification of petroleum is based on its

The main reaction in reforming is the

Petroleum is believed to have originated from __________ sources.

Molecular weight of crude oil is in the range of

Octane number of gasoline is a measure of its

In petroleum refining, the process used for conversion of hydrocarbons to aromatics is

Illuminating characteristics of kerosene is expressed by its

Increase in the specific gravity of petroleum products indicates

The condesate obtained on compression of wet natural gas is termed as

An upper limit of oil content is limited to about __________ percent for achieving efficient and satisfactory level of wax sweating.

The pressure (kg/cm 2 ) and temperature (°C) maintained in electrical desalters for crude oil are respectively

Which of the following has the highest gum forming tendency in gosoline?

Highest quality bitumen is produced from the __________ crude oil.

Butadiene is a/an

Both asphalt and wax are produced by __________ base crude oils.

Paraffins are desirable in lubricating oil, as it has got high

Extractor temperature is maintained at -20°C in Edeleanu process to reduce the __________ of kerosene.

Petroleum coke is commercially produced by the __________ process.

Road grade bitumen is produced from vacuum residue by its

Visbreaking process is used mainly for making

Research octane number refers to the

Choose the correct statement.

Which of the following is used as a catalyst in fluidised bed catalytic cracking?

Operating condition in the electrical dehydrators for crude oil is about

Flash point of diesel/kerosene (>50°C) is determined by the

Which of the following has the highest flash point of all?

Detergent is added as an additive in engine lubricating oil to

Quinoline is a/an __________ compound.

Which of the following has the maximum °API gravity of all?

Flash point of motor gasoline may be around __________ °C.

Smoke point of a good burning kerosene may be around __________ mm.

Which of the following has the minimum °API gravity of all?

'Solvent naphtha' used mostly as a solvent in paints and perfumery is produced by the __________ of virgin naphtha into small boiling range cuts.

Crude oil is subjected to vacuum distillation in the last stage, because

Stabilisation of gasoline (petrol) means

Which is the most undesirable component in kerosene?

Octane number (unleaded) of gasoline produced by isomerisation of butane may be about

With increase in density, the viscosity of petroleum products

Viscosity index of a lubricating oil

The most commonly used feed stock for the reforming reactor is

With increase in the molecular weight of aromatic present in kerosene, its smoking tendency

Clay treatment of petroleum products

Which one is preferred for aircraft engine?

Reforming

Reforming converts

Crude oils containing more than __________ kg of total salts (expressed in terms of NaCl) per thousand barrel is called a 'salty crude'.

Presence of sulphur in gasoline

Which of the following constituents present in petroleum is responsible for ash formation?

Higher viscosity of lubricating oil usually signifies

The most widely used crude topping column in refineries is the __________ column.

Which of the following factors does not govern the mechanism of petroleum formation from organic sources?

Feedstock for polymerisation is

The first crude oil refinery of India is located at

High aniline point of a petrofuel (say diesel) indicates that

Aniline point of high speed diesel may be about __________ °C.

In a refinery petroleum crude is fractionated into gas fraction, light ends, intermediate distillates, heavy distillates, residues and by products. The group of products including gas oil, diesel oil and heavy fuel oil belongs to the fraction

Cetane number of diesel used in trucks may be about

Higher boiling fractions like atmospheric residue is distilled under vacuum at low temperature because at high temperature, there is a tendency of the predominance of

Doctor's solution used for sweetening of petroleum products is

Phenols are added in gasoline to

The octane number of aviation gasoline may be

The best method of determining sulphur in crude oil is by the __________ method.

Tetra-ethyl lead is added in gasoline to

Main boring diameter for petroleum well is 20-30 cms in diameter, while the depth of the oil well may be about __________ kms.

Cetane number of alpha methyl naphthalene is assumed to be

Liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG) used for the household cooking comprises mainly of

Crude petroleum oil is a __________ fuel.

In hydrofining catalytic desulphurisation process for sweetening of petroleum products, use of hydrogen

95% (by volume) of LPG at 760 mm Hg pressure will evaporate at __________ °C.

Sulphur content in lighter and heavier petroleum products is generally determined respectively by

LPG stands for

Which of the following reactions is undesirable in the production of catalytically reformed gasoline?

Aniline point is the

Which is the most ideal feed stock for 'coking' process used for the manufacture of petroleum coke?

Which of the following has the highest octane number?

Asphalts are

Which one of the following processes aims at producing higher yield of gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatics like benzene & toluene?

Water content in the crude oil as it comes out of oil well may be upto __________ percent.

Clay treatment is used to remove

Pick out the correct statement about catalytic polymerisation.

Preheating temperature of medium viscosity furnace oil for better atomisation through burner is about __________ °C.

A multigrade lubricating oil means an oil having high

Reid vapour pressure of gasoline is the measure of its

Which of the following has maximum hydrogen/carbon ratio (by weight)?

Waxy crudes are treated with chemical additives mainly to

Catalyst used in catalytic polymerisation which produces polymer gasoline is

Diesel used in naval applications has a minimum cetane number of

Which of the following hydrocarbons of same carbon atoms has minimum smoking tendency?

Which of the following has the lowest cetane number?

Catalyst used in the catalytic polymerisation is

Which parameter is used for the grading of paraffin waxes?

Which of the following categories of gasoline has the highest lead susceptibility?

The main purpose of recycling the byproduct hydrogen gas in the reformer reactor is to

Pyrolysis of kerosene or natural gasoline is done to produce mainly the

Which of the following is desirable in diesel and kerosene but is undersirable in gasoline?

Performance number of a liquid fuel is related to its

Breathing loss on storage of gasoline occurs due to the

Octane number of n-heptane is assumed to be

Absolute vapor pressure of petrofuels is found by Reid bomb which is heated in water bath to 100°F. In Reid apparatus, the ratio of the volume of air chamber to that of the liquid fuel chamber is

Waxes present in petroleum products

Which of the following processes consumes hydrogen?

Which is almost absent in crude petroleum?

Vacuum maintained in the vacuum distillation column in oil refinery is in the range of about __________ mm Hg absolute.

The yield of straight run LPG from crude oil is about __________ weight percent.

Sulphuric acid treatment of petroleum products removes the __________ materials.

Petroleum liquid fuels having flash point greater than 66°C is considered as safe during storage and handling. Which of the following has flash point > 66°C ?

Which of the following is the easiest to crack?

Straight run naphtha is converted into high octane number petrol (gasoline) by catalytic

Petrolatum is

Petroleum

__________ chloride present in crude petroleum as impurity is the most prolific producer of HCl during distillation.

Crude topping column operates at __________ pressure.

Mercaptans is represented as (where R and R' are alkyl groups)

Which of the following is not an important property of fuel oil/furnace oil?

Maximum viscosity of tar/PCM/fuel oil for easy and efficient atomisation in conventional burner is __________ centistokes (or 100 Redwood I seconds).

LPG when brought to atmospheric pressure & temperature will be a

Water separometer index (modified) (WSIM) of a petrofuel is the measure of its

Which of the following fractions of petroleum contains maximum sulphur?

Pick out the additive property of a lube oil out of following.

Polymerisation

Pour point of a petrofuel is

Presence of aromatics in

Higher vapour pressure of gasoline indicates

Which of the following processes is used for the production of petroleum coke?

The most important property for a jet fuel is its

Mercaptans are added to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to

Solution used in Doctor's treatment for the removal of mercaptans is

Pick out the wrong statement about the smoking tendency of various hydrocarbon constituents of kerosene.

Name the endothermic reaction out of the following:

The conductivity of crude oil-water mixture depends on the

Flash point of a liquid petroleum fuel gives an idea about its

Pressure maintained in the high pressure primary tower of a three stage crude oil distillation system is about __________ kg/cm 2 .

Sweetening of petroleum product means the removal of

Solvent used in the Udex (glycol) extraction process for removal of light aromatics from cracked naphtha is

Carbon/hydrogen ratio (by weight) is maximum (out of following) for

Mercaptans are

Crude oil produced by Indian oil fields are predominantly __________ in nature.

Flash point of atmospheric distillation residue is determined by __________ apparates.

Natural gas recovered along with crude oil from oil wells is called wet natural gas which has a higher __________ compared to the dry natural gas.

Which of the following is a naphthene?

Which of the following has the lowest flash point of all?

Feedstock for the production of biodiesel is

The catalytic cracking of heavier petroleum fraction is done to produce mainly

H/C ratio (by weight) for the same number of carbon atoms is the highest in case of

__________ converts n-paraffins to i-paraffins.

C n H 2n is the general formula for

Specific gravity of a petroleum product gives an indication of its

Which of the following petroleum products contain minimum sulphur?

Refractive index of a petrofuel which is the ratio of velocity of light in air to its velocity in the petrofuel gives an indication if its

Salt content (measured as sodium chloride) in electrically desalted crude oil comes down to a level of about __________ ptb (pounds per thousand barrel).

Aniline point test of an oil qualitatively indicates the __________ content of an oil.

Char value of Kerosene is the amount of charred oil deposition on the wick obtained after burning it in a standard wick lamp at a standard rate for 24 hours. Char value of a good quality kerosene should be less than __________ mg/kg of kerosene.

Gasoline yield in catalytic reforming of naphtha may be about __________ percent by weight.

1 centistoke is equal to __________ Redwood I seconds.

The main aim of cracking is to produce

Which of the following does not require preheating during storage in the storage tank as well as during atomisation through burners?

Presence of predominantly large quantity of aromatics (polynuclear) is not desirable in aviation fuel, because it has

Which of the following is desirable in petrol (gasoline) but undesirable in kerosene?

The amount of tetraethyl lead added to improve the octane number of motor gasoline is around __________ c.c per gallon of petrol.

True vapour pressure of a petroleum fraction __________ Reid vapour pressure.

Octane numbers of motor gasoline used in India and America are respectively

Which is the most effective catalyst used in catalytic cracking of petroleum products?

Glycol added to petrol acts as a/an __________ agent.

Alkylation

Which of the following has the highest viscosity of all (at a given temperature)?

Gasoline extracted from natural gas (by compression and cooling) is called the __________ gasoline.

Which of the following is used as a solvent in deasphalting of petroleum products?

True boiling point apparatus is used for the

Raw Kerosene has a smoke point of 15 mm. After it is subjected to dearomatisation by liquid SO 2 extraction (Edeleanu process), its smoke point may become __________ mm.

Smoke point of kerosene expresses its

Mercapsol and Unisol processes are meant for the

Older crude petroleum

Olefins are

Which of the following is not a sulphur compound present in petroleum ?

The doctor's solution comprises of sodium plumbite in

Deoiling is the process of removal of oil from wax. It is done by the __________ process.

A good lubricant should have high

Name the hydrocarbon having the poorest oxidation stability.

Hydrogen content in petroleum products varies from 12 to 15% (by weight). As a result the difference between gross and net heating value of petroleum fuels varies in the range of __________ kcal/kg.

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a high octane (octane no. = 115) gasoline blending component is produced by the simple additive reaction of isobutylene with

Catalytic desulphurisation process used for sweetening of straight run gasoline and kerosene uses __________ as catalyst.

Pick out the undesirable property for a solvent meant for dewaxing of lube oil.

Catalyst used in isomerisation process is

Paraffin base crude oil as compared to asphalt base crude gives

Straight run petrol as compared to methyl/ethyl alcohol has

Feed for reforming is generally

Octane number of gasoline produced by two stage fluidised catalytic cracking process is

Which of the following is a non-regenerative fixed bed catalytic reforming process?

In case of liquid petrofuels, momentary combustion is observed at its

Main constituent of natural gas is

Molecular weight of crude petroleum may be around

The characterisation factor of crude petroleum oil is around

With increase in the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules, the density of petroleum products

Petroleum deposits are detected by the.

Gum formation in stored gasoline is mainly due to the

Which of the following gasolines (unleaded) has the least octane number?

Platforming is a __________ process.

The vacuum maintained in vacuum distillation unit for reduced crude is about __________ mmHg.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is mainly a mixture of

LSHS is a type of furnace oil, which

__________ base crude oil is also called asphaltic crude.

A petroleum well is called 'dry', if it contains

Testing of the knocking characteristics of petrofuels is done in a __________ engine.

Removal of light fractions from crude oil is called its

Crude oil is pumped by a __________ pump.

Cetane number of a diesel fuel is the measure of its

Visbreaking

Smoke volatility index is equal to smoke point plus

Antioxidants are added in petrol to

Solvent used for dewaxing of petroleum products are

Ethyl mercaptan is added to the Doctor negative LPG for facilitating the detection of its leakage (by bad odour) to the extent of about __________ ppm.

A typical yield of diesel in straight run distillation of crude oil may be about __________ percent.

A typical yield of kerosene in straight run distillation of crude oil may be about __________ percent.

Naphtha yield in straight run distillation of crude oil may be about __________ percent.

Which of the following processes in oil refinery does not employ 'cracking'?

Most widely used solvent for dewaxing is

Which of the following theories of origin of petroleum does not explain the presence of nitrogen & sulphur compounds in crude oil?

Petroleum coke is used mainly in the

Maximum use of petroleum coke is in

Aniline point of the diesel is a measure of its __________ content.

Concentration of H 2 SO 4 catalyst in alkylation is kept between 90 - 98%, because H 2 SO 4 having concentration

Catalyst used in catalytic reforming is

Complete removal of __________ from gasoline is done by Unisol process using caustic soda and methyl alcohol.

The terminology used for the bottom most product from the vacuum crude distillation unit is

Solvent deoiling process is used for separating oil and soft wax from hard wax. Methyl iso-butyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) are two commonly used deoiling solvents. Use of former as the deoiling solvent has the advantages of the

Electrical desalting of crude oil removes the __________ impurities.

Diesel index.(an alternative index for expressing the quality of diesel) is

__________ treatment is done for appreciable improvement in viscosity index of lubricating oil.

Smoke point of kerosene is the

The colour of gasoline is an indication of its

Boiling range of motor gasoline is an indication of the

In solutizer sweetening process, solutizer solution used is

Higher pressure in the reforming reactor

Bottom product of atmospheric pressure crude oil distillation column is termed as

For gasoline, the flash point (<50°C) is determined by the

Vacuum maintained in the vacuum distillation tower of the crude distillation plant is about __________ mm Hg (absolute).

Octane number (unleaded) of reformed gasoline may be upto

The reservoir rock containing petroleum has

Sour crude means the __________ bearing crude.

Penetration test determines the __________ of the grease.

Isomerisation converts the __________ tot-paraffins.

Which of the following additives improves the cetane number of diesel?

Which of the following is an additive used for improving the cetane number of diesel?

Catalyst used in alkylation process is

Molecular weight of petrol may be about

Tetraethyl lead is added to the petrol to increase its octane number, because its octane number is

Maximum sulphur percentage in low sulphur heavy stock (LSHS) furnace oil is about

Which one is used to determine the colour of petroleum products?

Cracking is

During electrical desalting of crude oil, the electrical conductivity of a mixture of crude oil and water (which ranges between 3 to 8% water) __________ with increase in the amount of water.

Aromatics are desired constituents of

Catalytic cracking compared to thermal cracking of residue of vacuum distillation of crude oil

The main use of heavy gas oil produced by the vacuum distillation unit is as a

__________ determination is not a very significant and important test for gasoline.

Catalyst used in the catalytic cracking is

Naphthenic acid is a/an __________ compound.

Natural gasoline is produced

Pour point and freezing point is equal for

The general formula of naphthenes is

Most commonly used crude heater before the fractionation tower in a refinery is the __________ heater.

Casing head gasoline is the liquid

Which of the following is the most widely used cracking process in oil refineries?

Which of the following tests is not done for transformer oil?

Aniline point is the temperature at which

Choose the correct statement regarding thermal cracking.

Solvent used in Edeleanu process is

Which of the following fractions of a crude oil will have the maximum gravity API (i.e. °API) ?

The solvent used in Barisol dewaxing process is

Pressure & temperature maintained in catalytic cracking is about

In catalytic cracking, the

Solvent used in the deasphalting process is

The average boiling point of aviation turbine fuel is closest to that of

Aniline point is a property of the

Though increased pressure has a retarding effect on cracking reaction, yet in actual process, a positive pressure of 10 - 15 kgf/cm 2 is maintained during cracking mainly to

Which of the following contains maximum sulphur?

Tanks used for the storage of petroleum products (which are inflammable) should be painted with a __________ paint.

__________ is not an important refinery process for upgrading the quality of lubricating oil.

Smoke point of a test sample of kerosene is found to be 15 mm. On removal of __________ from it, the smoke point rises to 25 mm.

__________ test is done to find out the softening point of bitumen.

Which is an anticing compound?

In the atmospheric pressure crude distillation, the content of __________ from lighter fraction to heavier ones.

Naphthenic acid is represented by

Hydrocracking employs

Pick out the correct statement.

Solvent used in duo-sol extraction for lube oil upgradation is a mixture of

In sweetening process, solutizer agent used with caustic alkali is

In catalytic alkylation, higher iso-butane to olefin ratio gives

Aromatics have the highes __________ of all the hydrocarbons of same carbon atoms.

Thermofer catalytic cracking process is a __________ process.

The order of preference for feedstock to a catalytic reformer is

Iso-octane is used as a reference substance in the definition of octane number and it is assigned an octane number value of 100. Iso-octance is chemically known as

Flash point of an oil gives an idea of the

Flash point of an oil is determined by the

Cetane number of high speed diesel must be?

Good quality kerosene should have

Crude oil is transported inland from oil field to refineries, mainly by the

Fuel oil is subjected to visbreaking to reduce its

The most suitable solvent for deasphalting vacuum residue is

Deoiling of wax is done by its

The proper arrangement of the petroleum fractions in order of their boiling points is

Diesel index is defined as

Furfural solvent extraction is used for upgrading (by dissolving aromatics)

Dearomatisation of kerosene (by liquid sulphur dioxide extraction) is done to

Percentage of straight run gasoline in a typical crude oil may be around

Which of the following has the lowest viscosity (at a given temperature) of all?

Hydrofining is the most recent and effective method for the

Which is the most desirable component of a good quality kerosene?

High aniline point of diesel indicates that, it

Catalyst used in the isomerisation is

Pick out the correct statement pertaining to catalytic cracking.

Which of the following is the most important property for a jet fuel?

Which of the following is the most suitable feed for platforming process (reforming)?

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in domestic use cylinders is in the liquid form. The density of LPG in liquid form is about __________ of that of water (i.e. 1 gm/c.c).

The coking process normally mostly used in Indian oil refineries is the __________ coking process.

Equal volumes of aniline and diesel oil when mixed at room temperature (during summer) was found to be completely mis-cible. It means that the aniline point of the diesel is __________ the room temperature.

The characterisation factor of a crude oil is calculated as 12.5. It means that
it is