Memory And Forgetting

Name: _____________________

Date: _____________________

Instructions: Answer all questions. Write your answers clearly in the space provided.

Question 1:

According to which of the following theory, we forget the thing, we do not want to remember by pressing them in our unconscious mind?

A. The theory of interference
B. The repression theory
C. The trace decay theory
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 2:

A view of cognitive activity stressing the input of information, its transformation, its storage and its eventual output is called . . . . . . . .

A. Information-processing theories
B. Information-processing theories of memory
C. Information-processing theories of intelligence
D. Information-processing theories of attention
Answer: _________
Question 3:

Elaboration in levels of processing theory refers to the:

A. Degree to which incoming information is processed so that it can be tied to existing memories
B. Quality to which incoming information is processed so that it can be tied to existing memories
C. Retrieval cues which are not explicitly present in learning
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 4:

Without any known brain malfunction, amnesias result from major disturbances in the process of information encoding, storage and retrieval is known as . . . . . . . .

A. Psychological amnesia
B. Dream amnesia
C. Biological amnesia
D. Defensive amnesia
Answer: _________
Question 5:

Which of the following amnesias can be produced in the laboratory by using electroconvulsive shock (ECS)?

A. Childhood amnesia
B. Retrograde amnesia
C. Dream amnesia
D. Alcohol-induced amnesia
Answer: _________
Question 6:

Many experiments have been conducted on imagery and memory, by using the techniques called . . . . . . . .

A. Random technique
B. Paired-associate technique
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
Answer: _________
Question 7:

Flash Bulb memories are the memories of:

A. Events that are very arousing or surprising
B. Personal dislikes
C. Word-meaning association
D. Inter personal relationships
Answer: _________
Question 8:

No memories are reported pertaining to early childhood particularly during the first 4 to 5 years. This is called:

A. Neonate amnesia
B. Childhood amnesia
C. Infancy amnesia
D. Amnesia of the newborn
Answer: _________
Question 9:

The process through which information coming from senses is "transformed, reduced, elaborated, recovered, and used", is . . . . . . . .

A. Recognition
B. Recall
C. Cognition
D. Memory
Answer: _________
Question 10:

Partial or complete loss of memory is called:

A. Agnosia
B. Atasia
C. Amnesia
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 11:

The observation that in memory experiments using a list of items to be remembered, items at the beginning and end of the list are remembered best, is called:

A. Primary effect
B. Recency effect
C. Serial-position effect
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 12:

Which of the following tasks is used for the study of semantic memory in the laboratory setting?

A. Lexical decision
B. Symbolic comparison
C. Sentence verification
D. All of the above
Answer: _________
Question 13:

The situation of feeling that we know a certain specific name or word, yet being unable to recall it immediately, has been called the:

A. Tip-of-the tongue state
B. Memory failure state
C. Tip of the lip state
D. Slip of the tongue state
Answer: _________
Question 14:

Mnemonics mean:

A. The art or system of memory training
B. The art of learning
C. The art of cognition
D. The process of perception
Answer: _________
Question 15:

Imagining a place such as a building or room and then associating ideas to be remembered with parts of the building or items of furniture in the room, is an example of . . . . . . . .

A. Method of Loci
B. Chunking
C. Imagining
D. None of these
Answer: _________
Question 16:

Consider the following stages : (1) Storage (2) Encoding (3) Retrieval (4) Recognition The correct sequence of these stages in the memory information flow is :

A. 2, 1, 4, 3
B. 1, 2, 3, 4
C. 2, 1, 3, 4
D. 1, 2, 4, 3
Answer: _________
Question 17:

When newer memories interfere in the retrieval of old memory it is called:

A. Proactive interference
B. Saving
C. Retroactive-interference
D. Implicit memory
Answer: _________
Question 18:

When material that we have previously learned interferes with the recall of something newly learned, then the interference is:

A. Retroactive inhibition
B. Proactive inhibition
C. Semantic memory
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 19:

The . . . . . . . . of rehearsal given to items is important in the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory.

A. Process
B. Amount
C. Clarity
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 20:

Who among the following was the first psychologist to develop a theory of motivated forgetting based on the observation of his patients?

A. Ebbinghaus
B. Freud
C. Wundt
D. Thichner
Answer: _________
Question 21:

Which of the following is a mechanical device for persenting items to be remembered at a constant rate of speed?

A. Memory scheme
B. Memory scale
C. Memory drum
D. Memory trumpet
Answer: _________
Question 22:

Repression' is the example of . . . . . . . .

A. Forgetting
B. Motivated forgetting
C. Retrieval problems
D. All of the above
Answer: _________
Question 23:

. . . . . . . . is an illness caused by long-term abuse of alcohol often, involving profound retrograde amnesia:

A. Alzheimer's Disease
B. Korsakoff's syndrome
C. Down's syndrome
D. Amnesia
Answer: _________
Question 24:

The recovery of childhood memories under hypnosis is an example pointing to the:

A. Permanent nature of memory
B. Retrieval of memory
C. Recall of memory
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 25:

Information in long-term memory is episodic, as well as :

A. Semantic
B. Distinct
C. Subjective
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 26:

Which of the following factors can improve memory?

A. Encoding and storing the information
B. Retaining it over a period of disuse
C. Retrieving it at the time of recall
D. All of the above
Answer: _________
Question 27:

"The forgetting in all cases is proved to be founded on a motive of displeasure", was said by :

A. Sigmund Freud
B. Ivan P. Pavlov
C. William James
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 28:

People use strategies that give meaning and organisation to the material so that it can be fitted in with existing organised long-term memories, through . . . . . . . .

A. Elaborative rehearsal
B. Maintenance rehearsal
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
Answer: _________
Question 29:

In the Atkinson-shiffrin theory, memory starts with a sensory input from the:

A. Brain
B. Spinal cord
C. Environment
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 30:

Which of the following types of long-term memory deals with individual's personal experiences?

A. Semantic memory
B. Episodic memory
C. Procedural memory
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 31:

Riding a bicycle, typing, writing are simple examples of:

A. Semantic Memory
B. Procedural Memory
C. Episodic Memory
D. Symbolic comparison
Answer: _________
Question 32:

Which of the following memory is more widely known as iconic memory?

A. Auditory sensory memory
B. Visual sensory memory
C. Short-term memory
D. Long-term memory
Answer: _________
Question 33:

The first level of incoming information for memory is:

A. Environment
B. Perception
C. Meaning
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 34:

Which of the following is an important characteristics of episodic memory?

A. Holds all kind of knowledge
B. The emotional nature of events
C. Used to acquire different kinds of skills
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 35:

. . . . . . . refers to any discrete unit of information.

A. Chunk
B. Data
C. Encoding
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 36:

Amnesia' is a classified into two parts. First is Psychological amnesia and second is . . . . . . . .

A. Biological amnesia
B. Physiological amnesia
C. Defensive amnesia
D. All of the above
Answer: _________
Question 37:

The ToT phenomenon indicates

A. Tip of the tongue phenomenon
B. Tip of the toe phenomenon
C. Tip of the tail phenomenon
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 38:

A type of amnesia which is usually considered to be a way of protecting oneself from the guilt of anxiety that can result from intense, intolerable life situations and conflicts, is . . . . . . . .

A. Dream Amnesia
B. Childhood Amnesia
C. Defensive Amesia
D. Only A and B
Answer: _________
Question 39:

We forget because learning new things interferes with our memory of what we learned earlier, is example of . . . . . . . .

A. Retrieval
B. Decay
C. Interference
D. Motivation
Answer: _________
Question 40:

What we remember of a text is not a copy of the to-be-remembered material but the material is elaborated, simplified and changed in many ways at the time of input-these are called :

A. Reconstructive process
B. Constructive process
C. Destructive process
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 41:

Visual sensory register holds information for upto about . . . . . . . .

A. 4 seconds
B. 3 seconds
C. 2 seconds
D. 1 second
Answer: _________
Question 42:

Memories which can last for days, months, years or even a life time are stored in . . . . . . . .

A. Short-term memory
B. Long-term memory
C. Semantic memory
D. Episodic memory
Answer: _________
Question 43:

Forgetting caused by the prior learning of other material is called . . . . . . . .

A. Interference
B. Retroactive interference
C. Proactive interference
D. All of the above
Answer: _________
Question 44:

Who has shown that proactive inhibition plays an important role when experienced subjects are used in an experiment?

A. William James
B. Underwood
C. Sigmund Freud
D. None of the above
Answer: _________
Question 45:

STM can hold

A. 7 units of information
B. 7 units of information plus or minus two
C. 7 units of information plus two
D. 5 units of information plus or minus two
Answer: _________
Question 46:

Which of the following is a symptom of senile dementia, a disease of brain?

A. Personality changes
B. Delusions
C. General disorientation
D. All of the above
Answer: _________
Question 47:

The models of memory that describe parallel processing of information by numerous neural modules in the brain are called:

A. Parallel Network Models
B. Memory Network Models
C. Neural Network Models
D. Tha Atkinson and Shiffrin Model
Answer: _________

Answer Key

1: B
2: A
3: A
4: A
5: B
6: B
7: A
8: B
9: C
10: C
11: C
12: D
13: A
14: A
15: A
16: C
17: C
18: B
19: B
20: B
21: C
22: B
23: B
24: A
25: A
26: D
27: A
28: A
29: C
30: B
31: B
32: B
33: B
34: B
35: A
36: A
37: A
38: C
39: C
40: A
41: D
42: B
43: C
44: B
45: B
46: D
47: C