Irrigation Engineering

If there are two canals taking off from each flank of a river, then there will be

Horizontal acceleration due to earthquake results in

The stream which does not have any base flow contribution is called

The depth of rice root zone, is

To control the silt entry into a distributary at head regulator, King's vanes are provided which are the walls

The net speed under which the turbine reaches its peak efficiency is called

When a canal is carried over a natural drainage, the structure provided, is known as

For the upstream face of an earthen dam, the most adverse condition for stability of slope is

If the critical shear stress of a channel is XC, then the average value of shear stress required to move the grain on the bank is

Main purpose of mean water training for rivers is

Tortuosity of a meandering river is always

The discharge passing over an ogee spillway is given by (where, L is effective length of spillway crest and H is the total head over the spillway crest including velocity head.)

The measure to remove water logging of land, is

A hydraulic structure is designed to withstand

Attracting groynes are built

A unit hydro graph has one unit of

The top of the capillary zone

For a standing crop, the consumptive use of water is equal to the depth of water

For a proportional outlet, the flexibility is

As per Lacey’s theory, the silt factor is

A land is known as waterlogged

When the reservoir is full, the maximum compressive force in a gravity dam is produced

The field capacity of a soil is 25%, its permanent wilting point is 15% and specific dry unity weight is 1.5. If the depth of root zone of a crop, is 80 cm, the storage capacity of the soil, is

Fundamental momentum equation for a hydraulic jump, is

The peak of a 4 hour flood hydrograph is 240 m 3 /sec . If the rainfall excess is 80 mm and base flow which is constant is 40 m 3 /sec, then the peak of 4-hours unit hydrograph will be

The maximum rainfall depth of 300 mm in 24 hours has a return period of 100 years. The probability of 24 hours rainfall equal to or greater than 300 mm occurring at least once in 10 years is given by

Solution of Laplacian equation in three dimensions $$frac{{{{ ext{d}}^2}varphi }}{{{ ext{d}}{{ ext{x}}^2}}} + frac{{{{ ext{d}}^2}varphi }}{{{ ext{d}}{{ ext{y}}^2}}} + frac{{{{ ext{d}}^2}varphi }}{{{ ext{d}}{{ ext{z}}^2}}} = 0$$ xa0 xa0 of water in a syphon, is done by

In case of a trapezoidal notch fall

Finally formed berms in canals are provided for

Canals constructed for draining off water from water logged areas, are known

A hydroelectric scheme operating under a head of 80 m will be classified as

Irrigation water having the concentration of Na ++ , Ca ++ and Mg ++ as 20, 3 and 1 Milli equivalent per litre respectively will be classified as

If d 1 is the depth of cutting, d 2 is the height of the bank from bed level r 2 : 1 and r 1 : 1 are the slopes in filling and cutting respectively, the horizontal distance n between the bed and bank, is

A minimum of 90 cm free board is provided if the discharge in the canal is between

If the irrigation efficiency is 80%, conveyance losses are 20% and the actual depth of watering is 16 cm, the depth of water required at the canal outlet, is

The difference in level between the top of a bank and supply level in a canal, is called

The structure constructed to allow drainage water to flow under pressure through an inverted syphon below a canal, is called

The downstream expansion head of a guide bank is extended to subtend an angle at the centre, equal to

Which of the following can be used as a meter fall ?

The value of Sodium Absorption Ratio for high sodium water lies between

If D is the depth of water upstream of the throat above its sill, B is the width of the throat, to achieve critical flow in an open venturi flume, the theoretical maximum flow Q, is

If d is the depth of the aquifer through which water is flowing, then the relationship between permeability k and transmissible T is given by

Borrow pits should preferably be located in

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. Culturable commanded area is the gross area of an irrigation canal system less

In gravity canals, F.S.L. is

Which of the following types of rain gauges is used for measuring rain in remote hilly inaccessible areas ?

If $$Delta $$ is the depth of water in metres, B is the number of days of base period and D is the duty in hectare/cumec, the relationship which holds good, is

The ratio of rate of change of the discharge of an outlet to the rate of change of the discharge of distributing channel is called

In North Indian Plains, optimum depth of kor watering for wheat, is

The main cause of silting up a channel,

A fall which maintains its depth, is

Retrogression of the bed level of a river downstream a weir, occurs due to

The depth of the crest of a scouring sluice below the crest of a head regulator, is generally kept

For smooth entry of water in a canal, the angle between head regulator and water is generally kept

For a catchment area of 120 km 2 , the equilibrium discharge in m 3 /hour of an S-curve obtained by the summation of 6xa0hour unit hydrograph is

If the demand line drawn from a ridge in a flow mass curve does not intersect the curve again, it indicates that

The most suitable material for the central impervious core of a zoned embankment type dam is

The relation between probability (P) and recurrence interval (T) is given by

The unit hydrograph of a specified duration can be used to evaluate the hydrograph of storms of

Which of the following is a non-recording raingauge ?

In India, which of the following is adopted as standard recording rain-gauge?

According to Lacey, in regime conditions

The flow-mass curve is graphical representation of

A hyetograph is a graphical representation of

Hydrograph is the graphical representation of

If the optimum depth of kor watering for a crop is 15.12 cm, the outlet factor for the crop for four week period in hectares per cumec, is

Pick up the correct statement from the following

The useful storage is the volume of water stored in the reservoir between

A raingauge should preferably be fixed

With the increase in the quantity of water supplied, the yield of most crops

If D is the depth of scour below original bed, then the width of launching apron is generally taken as

If it rains between 2 P.M. and 3 P.M. and the entire basin area just starts contributing water at 3 P.M. to the outlet, then time of concentration will be

Lane's weighted creep theory assumes

The ratio of the rate of change of discharge of an outlet to the rate of change in level of water surface in a distributary at its normal depth, is known as

For supplying water to rabi crop, kharif crop and sugarcane, the channel is designed for a capacity equal to the greater of the water requirement of

Meandering of a river generally occurs, in

Optimum depth of kor watering for rice is

A river bend characterized by silting

The minimum size of stone that will remain at rest in a channel of longitudinal slope S and hydraulic mean depth R is given by

The optimum depth of kor watering for a rice crop, is

Generally the weir is aligned at right angles to the direction of the main river current because

In a Sarda type fall, the rectangular crest, may be used for discharge up to

The meander pattern of a river is developed by

The sinuosity of a meander is the ratio of

If the straight sides of a triangular section of a lined canal with circular bottom of radius R, make an angle θ with horizontal, the perimeter of the canal is

An aggrading river is a

The shape of recession limb of a hydrograph depends upon

The "outlet discharge factor" is the duty at the head of

If A is the area of the surface, $$overline { ext{x}} $$ is the depth of its C.G. from the surface of the water and $$omega $$ is the density of water, then

A water-logged land is found suitable for cultivation due to

An outlet which maintains a constant discharge irrespective of fluctuation in the water levels of the supplying channel or water course, is known as

If L is total length of a canal in kilometers, P is total perimeter of its lining in metres and C is the cost of lining per square metre, the additional expenditure involved on lining, is

Which of the following methods is used to estimate flood discharge based on high water marks left over in the past ?

The drainage water intercepting the canal can be disposed of by passing the canal below the drainage in

According to Bligh's creep theory, percolating water flows along

A river training work is generally required when the river is

In a chute spillway, the flow is usually

Groynes are generally built

The rainfall on five successive days were measured as 100 mm, 80 mm, 60 mm, 40 mm and 20 mm respectively. If the infiltration index or the storm loss rate for the catchment area is earlier estimated as 50 mm/day, the total surface run off will be

When a canal and a drainage approach each other at the same level, the structure so provided, is

According to G.W. Pickles the effect of confining the flood water of a river between levee, is to increase

Study the following statements. i) Levees are constructed parallel to river flow, ii) Spurs are constructed parallel to river flow, iii) Levees are constructed transverse to river flow, iv) Spurs are constructed transverse to river flow. The correct answer is

Instantaneous unit hydrograph is a hydrograph of i) unit duration ii) unit rainfall excess iii) infinitely small duration iv) infinitely small rainfall excess The correct answer is

To estimate the magnitude of a flood with a return period of T years, Gumbel’s distribution method requires the following data pertaining to annual flood series i) mean value ii) standard deviation iii) length of record iv) coefficient of skew The correct answer is

Presence of tail water in a gravity dam i) increases the principal stress ii) decreases the principal stress iii) increases the shear stress iv) decreases the shear stress The correct answer is

A current meter is used to measure the

An outlet is said to be proportional if its flexibility, is

If average particle size of the silt in millimeters is m, the Lacey's silt factor f is proportional to

The Lacey's regime velocity is proportional to

If V 0 is the critical velocity of a channel, its silt transporting power, according to Kennedy is proportional to

The net head under which the turbine reaches its peak efficiency at synchronous speed is called

If water table is comparatively high, the irrigation canal becomes useless, due to

In a concrete canal the approximate permissible velocity of water should not exceed

The field capacity of a soil depends upon

A land is said to be water-logged if its soil pores within

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:

A deficit of sediments in flowing water may cause a river

Which one of the following statements is correct?

Cyclonic precipitation is caused by lifting of an air mass due to

If the height of the hydraulic gradient line above the floor of thickness t is h and the specific gravity of the material of the floor is G, the minimum thickness t of the floor downstream of the crest-wall, is given by the equation

Side slopes generally kept for canals in loam soil, are:

If the R.L’s of canal bed level and high flood level of drainage are 212.0 m and 210.0 m respectively, then cross drainage work will be

The most suitable location of a canal head work, is

Cross regulators in main canals are provided

Process of meandering is due to

For diversion of flood water of rivers, the type of canal constructed, is

The water stored in the reservoir below the minimum pool level is called

A straight glacis type fall with a baffle platform and a baffle wall is called

In rigid module, the discharge

If the straight sides of a triangular section of a lined canal with circular bottom of radius D, make an angle $$ heta $$ with horizontal, the hydraulic mean depth is

Seepage through foundation in an earthen dam is controlled by providing

Irrigation canals are generally aligned along

Infiltration capacity

The water utilizable by plants is available in soils mainly in the form of

Effective precipitation for a crop may be defined as

Which of the following canal structures is used to remove surplus water from an irrigation channel into a natural drain ?

The sensitivity of a rigid module is

In a syphon aqueduct

For an annual flood series arranged in descending order of magnitude, the return for a magnitude listed at position period m in a total data N is

The width of a dowla is generally kept between 30 to 60 cm and its height above the road level should invariably be more than

The ratio of the discharge over a trapezoidal crest to a rectangular crest of Sarda falls of identical parameters, is

A fall in a canal bed is generally provided, if

As compared to gravity dams, earthen dams

Bed bars in a canal are provided

The depth of water required to bring the soil moisture content of a given soil upto its field capacity is called

Silt excluders are constructed on the

In Montague type fall

For a flood control reservoir, the effective storage is equal to

The crest level of a canal diversion head work, depends upon

Select the correct statement.

Select the incorrect statement.

When surface of transpiration is submerged under water, then potential evapotranspiration is

The maximum average depth due to one day storm over an area of 100 km 2 is 100 mm. Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) curves indicate that for the same area of 100 km the maximum average depth for a 3 hour storm will be

When a canal flowing under pressure is carried below a natural drainage such that its F.S.L. does not touch the underside of the supporting structure, the structure so provided, is called

In a canal syphon, the flow is

For standing crops in undulating sandy fields, the best method of irrigation, is

The saturation line is the line up to which banks get saturated after the canal runs for some time. The saturation gradient in ordinary loam soil, is generally

Pick up the correct statement from the following:

Lacy's regime condition is obtained if

Infiltration rate is always

Which of the following methods of applying water may be used on rolling land ?

Garnett's diagrams are used for graphical solution of design equations of a canal by

The aqueduct or superpassage type of works are generally used when

The most suitable chemical which can be applied to the water surface for reducing evaporation is

According to Lacey, depth of scour in a river depends upon the straightness of the reach. If D is the depth of scour in regime flow in a right angled bend, it is

The best unit duration of storm for a unit hydrograph is

S-hydrograph is used to obtain unit hydrograph of

Regime conditions in a channel may occur if

The ratio of the rate of change of discharge of an outlet and parent channel, is known as

Dimensions of coefficient of transmissibility are

According to Khosla’s theory, the exit gradient in the absence of a downstream cutoff is

For cereal crops the most commonly adopted method of irrigation, is

If H and d are the water depth and drop in the bed level at a Sarda fall, the width B of the trapezoidal crest, is given by

Lacey's equation for calculating flood discharge in rivers, is

Which of the following types of falls use parabolic glacis for energy dissipation ?

Lining of irrigation channels

Canals taken off from ice-fed perennial rivers, are known

The velocity of drainage water in the barrels of a syphon-aqueduct, is normally limited to

Pick up the correct sequence of the part of a canal system from the following

While deciding the alignment of a proposed canal taking off from a river at B, three alignments of approximately equal lengths are available. These cross a drainages at C 1 , C 2 and C 3 where drainage bed levels C 1 > C 2 > C 3 , you will provide at site C 3

The total capacity of a reservoir is 25 million cubic metres and dead storage is 5 million cubic metres. If the average volume of sediment deposition is 0.10 million cubic metre per year, then the usefulness of the reservoir will start reducing after

To hold hydraulic jumps, baffle walls are provided in

To determine the discharge at a section in a stream from its rating curve, the required data are i) slope of water surface at the section ii) stage at the section iii) current meter readings at the section The correct answer is

Variability of rainfall is i) largest in regions of high rainfall ii) largest in coastal areas iii) largest in regions of scanty rainfall The correct answer is

Interception losses are due to i) evaporation ii) transpiration iii) stream flow The correct answer is

The forces, which are considered for the analysis of an elementary profile of a gravity dam under empty reservoir condition, are i) Water pressure ii) Self weight iii) Uplift iv) Pressure due to earthquake The correct answer is

If straight sides of a triangular section of a lined canal with circular bottom of radius R, make an angle θ with horizontal, the area of its cross-section, is

If D 1 and D 2 are depths of water upstream and downstream of a hydraulic jump, the loss of head at the jump, is

For the design of major hydraulic structures on the canals, the method generally preferred to, is based on

The main function of a divide wall is to

Disposal of extra excavated earth of canals, is utilized to provide a spoil bank on

The duty is largest

A 70% index of wetness means

Useful soil moisture for plant growth, is

The state of the soil when plants fail to extract sufficient water for their requirements, is

The flow of water after spilling over the weir crest in chute spillway and side channel spillway respectively are

V and R are the regime mean velocity and hydraulic mean depth respectively in meters. Lacey's silt factor f is

The length of a meander is the distance along the river between the tangent point of one curve to the tangent point of

A 6 hours storm had 4 cm of rainfall and the resulting runoff was 2 cm. If ϕ index remains at the same value, the runoff due to 10 cm of rainfall in 12 hours in the catchment is

A multipurpose reservoir is the one which is

A divide wall is provided

The consumptive use of water for a crop

The ratio of the average load to the installed capacity of the plant whose reserve capacity is zero will be equal to

The useful moisture of soil, is equal to its

The uplift pressure on the roof of an inverted syphon, is maximum when

The water face of the guide banks, is protected by

The length and width of a meander and also the width of the river, vary roughly as

Wetted perimeter of a regime channel for a discharge of 64 cumecs as per Lacey’s theory will be

A counter berm is

The uplift pressure on the face of a drainage gallery in a dam is taken as

A deep well

The most suitable section of a lined canal, is

The uplift pressure on a dam can be controlled by i) constructing cutoff under upstream face ii) constructing drainage channels bet-ween the dam and its foundation iii) by pressure grouting in foundation The corret answer is

If the risk of a flood occurring in the next 10 years is accepted to 10%, then the return period for design should be

The width of a meander belt is the transverse distance between

The ratio of average values of shear stresses produced on the bed and the banks of a channel due to flowing water is

The kor depth for rice is 190 mm and kor period is 14 days. The outlet factor for this will be

The main function of a diversion head works of a canal from a river, is

The amount of irrigation water required to meet the evapotranspiration needs of the crop during its full growth is called

For wave action in dams, the maximum height of freeboard is generally taken to be equal to (where hw is height of wave.)

The intensity of irrigation means

In a barrage, the crest level is kept

Bligh's theory of seepage assumes

If B and d are the bed width and depth of a channel in meters, the combined losses due to evaporation and seepage in cumecs per kilometer length of the channel, is

As compared to crest of the normal portion of the weir, the crest of the under sluice portion of weir is kept at

The runoff increases with

A runoff river plant is

The ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root zone of the crops to the quantity of water actually delivered in the field is known as

Infiltration is the

Which of the following is a flexible outlet ?

Vertical drop fall is satisfactory for a height upto

The area between the isohyets 45 cm and 55 cm is 100 square km and between 55 cm and 65 cm is 150 square km. The average depth of annua! precipitation over the above basin of 250 square km will be

Which of the following canal outlets maintains a constant discharge ?

The normal annual precipitation at stations X, A, B and C are 700 mm, 1000 mm, 900 mm and 800 mm respectively. If the storm precipitation at three station A, B and C were 100 mm, 90 mm and 80 mm respectively, then the storm precipitation for station X will be

The level of the floor of a syphon aqueduct can be obtained

F.S.L. of a canal at its head with respect to parent channel is kept

The ratio of the head recovered to the head put in, is known as

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following

According to Khosla, the exits gradient of surface flow

In case of non-availability of space due to topography, the most suitable spillway is

Assertion A : To estimate the rainfall over a catchment, the number of raingauges required per unit area is large for hilly areas. Reason R : Rainfall gradient is steep. Select your correct answer according to the coding system given below :

River training for depth is achieved by

For designing the venturi head,

For the stability of a structure against seepage pressure according to Khosla's creep theory, the critical gradient is

If the intensity of rainfall is more than the infiltration capacity of soil, then the infiltration rate will be

A hydraulic jump is generally formed when a stream moving with

Hydrodynamic pressure due to earthquake acts at a height of (where H is the depth of water)

The maximum permissible eccentricity for no tension at the base of a gravity dam is

The major resisting force in a gravity dam is

Which of the following spillways is least suitable for an earthen dam ?

Coefficient of discharge of an ogee spillway

Trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of

Seepage through embankments in an earthen dam is controlled by

A river is said to be of

An artesian aquifer is the one where

For a unique design of a channel by Kennedy's theory

The scour depth D of a river during flood, may be calculated from the Lacey's equation

Unit of runoff in M.K.S. system is

Under the same conditions, which of the following shapes of water surface will give the highest rate of evaporation ?

The main cause of meandering is

According to Kennedy, the critical velocity (V 0 ) in meters in a channel is the mean velocity which keeps the channel free from silting or scouring. Its value is given by (where m is critical velocity ratio and D is the depth of the channel).

The unit hydrograph due to a storm may be obtained by dividing the ordinates of the direct runoff hydrograph by